Which are the inner layers of the retina?

The inner layers of the retina primarily consist of the Ganglion Cell Layer (GCL) and the Nerve Fiber Layer (NFL). The Ganglion Cell Layer is where the cell bodies of ganglion cells reside, which are crucial for transmitting visual information from the retina to the brain. These cells collect signals from the photoreceptors and bipolar cells and then send the processed information through their axons, which form the Nerve Fiber Layer. The Nerve Fiber Layer contains the axons of the ganglion cells, and it represents one of the most vital components for visual signal transmission.

In contrast, the other choices encompass layers that either belong to different functional complexes of the retina or are not considered "inner" layers. The Outer Plexiform Layer (OPL) and Outer Nuclear Layer (ONL) focus more on the photoreceptor connections and the nuclei of the photoreceptor cells, respectively. The Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) and Inner Nuclear Layer (INL) also serve different functional purposes in the retina, with the INL mainly housing the cell bodies of bipolar and other interneurons but is categorized as a middle layer. Lastly, the terms GNI and ELM do not correctly denote recognized layers within